本文介绍如何使用Ansible和自制角色自动在Raspberry Pi上安装Kubernetes 1.13。
先决条件
- 在目标Raspberry Pi（至少2个）上安装Raspbian，安装过程可参考前一篇文章Raspbian在Raspberry Pi上的自动初始化和安全设置
Docker + Kubernetes安装
获取角色
我开发了一个ansible角色来实现此自动化，如下所示获取该角色：
## Pré-requis Docker (rôle fait maison)
git clone https://gitlab.com/jls42/ansible-rpi-docker.git roles/ansible-rpi-docker
## Rôle pour l'installation de Kubernetes
git clone https://gitlab.com/jls42/ansible-rpi-k8s.git roles/ansible-rpi-k8s
有关更多详细信息，请参阅ansible-rpi-k8s的文档
创建名为inventory的主机清单文件
在此清单示例中，有多个Raspberry Pi 1，其中一个具有IP地址192.168.1.190，另一个具有IP地址192.168.1.191。
在子组（此处为rpi-k8s）中，master必须先声明。
[rpi1]
192.168.1.190 k8s_master=true
[rpi2]
192.168.1.191
[rpi-k8s:children]
rpi1
rpi2
准备playbook k8s-rpi.yml
---
- name: "Installation de Docker sur le Raspberry Pi"
hosts: rpi-k8s
remote_user: "pi"
roles:
- roles/ansible-rpi-docker
vars:
docker_version: 18.06.1~ce~3-0~raspbian
- name: "Installation de k8s sur le Raspberry Pi"
hosts: rpi-k8s
remote_user: "pi"
roles:
- roles/ansible-rpi-k8s
vars:
k8s_version: "1.13.0-00"
k8s_master_token: "abcdef.0123456789abcdef"
k8s_cluster_group: rpi-k8s
部署Docker和Kubernetes
将按顺序执行ansible-rpi-docker和ansible-rpi-k8s角色。
如果Docker已经安装，则可以只运行ansible-rpi-k8s。
export ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False
ansible-playbook -b -i inventory k8s-rpi.yml
这将给出：
jls42@boo:~/rpi$ ansible-playbook -b -i inventory k8s-rpi.yml
PLAY [Installation de Docker sur le Raspberry Pi] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:26:30 +0100 (0:00:00.051) 0:00:00.051 *******
ok: [192.168.1.190]
ok: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Installe les paquets nécessaire à l'utilisation d'un dépôt HTTPS] *****************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:26:33 +0100 (0:00:03.476) 0:00:03.527 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190] => (item=[u'apt-transport-https', u'ca-certificates', u'curl', u'gnupg2', u'software-properties-common'])
changed: [192.168.1.191] => (item=[u'apt-transport-https', u'ca-certificates', u'curl', u'gnupg2', u'software-properties-common'])
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Ajoute la clef officielle du dépôt Docker] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:27:12 +0100 (0:00:39.274) 0:00:42.802 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190]
changed: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Ajoute le dépôt Docker] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:27:17 +0100 (0:00:04.747) 0:00:47.549 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190]
changed: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Installe le paquet docker-ce] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:27:27 +0100 (0:00:10.238) 0:00:57.788 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190]
changed: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Installe python-pip] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:29:04 +0100 (0:01:36.285) 0:02:34.074 *******
changed: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Installe docker-compose via pip] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:30:06 +0100 (0:01:02.641) 0:03:36.715 *******
changed: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Configure Docker pour qu'il démarre au boot] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:03 +0100 (0:00:56.384) 0:04:33.099 *******
ok: [192.168.1.190]
ok: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Ajoute l'utilisateur pi dans le groupe docker] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:04 +0100 (0:00:01.075) 0:04:34.175 *******
changed: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-docker : Supprime la swap] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:05 +0100 (0:00:01.348) 0:04:35.523 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190]
changed: [192.168.1.191]
PLAY [Installation de k8s sur le Raspberry Pi] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:07 +0100 (0:00:02.096) 0:04:37.620 *******
ok: [192.168.1.190]
ok: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Installe les paquets nécessaires à l'utilisation d'un dépôt HTTPS] *******************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:09 +0100 (0:00:01.934) 0:04:39.555 *******
ok: [192.168.1.190] => (item=[u'apt-transport-https', u'ca-certificates', u'curl', u'gnupg2', u'software-properties-common'])
ok: [192.168.1.191] => (item=[u'apt-transport-https', u'ca-certificates', u'curl', u'gnupg2', u'software-properties-common'])
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Supprime la swap] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:15 +0100 (0:00:05.740) 0:04:45.295 *******
ok: [192.168.1.190]
ok: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Active cgroup_memory] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:16 +0100 (0:00:00.966) 0:04:46.262 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190]
changed: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Redémarre] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:17 +0100 (0:00:01.032) 0:04:47.295 *******
changed: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Attente suite au redémarrage] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:31:18 +0100 (0:00:01.667) 0:04:48.962 *******
ok: [192.168.1.190]
ok: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Ajoute la clef officielle Kubernetes] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:32:19 +0100 (0:01:00.447) 0:05:49.409 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190]
changed: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Ajoute le dépôt stable de Kubernetes] ************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:32:25 +0100 (0:00:06.282) 0:05:55.692 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190]
changed: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Installe kubeadm, kubelet and kubectl] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:32:45 +0100 (0:00:20.277) 0:06:15.970 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190] => (item=[u'kubeadm=1.13.0-00', u'kubelet=1.13.0-00', u'kubectl=1.13.0-00'])
changed: [192.168.1.191] => (item=[u'kubeadm=1.13.0-00', u'kubelet=1.13.0-00', u'kubectl=1.13.0-00'])
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Configure kubelet pour qu'il démarre au boot] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:34:25 +0100 (0:01:39.895) 0:07:55.865 *******
ok: [192.168.1.191]
ok: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Installe les paquets nécessaires pour l'utilisation du client CIFS] ******************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:34:26 +0100 (0:00:01.029) 0:07:56.894 *******
changed: [192.168.1.191] => (item=[u'cifs-utils', u'util-linux', u'coreutils', u'jq'])
changed: [192.168.1.190] => (item=[u'cifs-utils', u'util-linux', u'coreutils', u'jq'])
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Ajout le répertoire d'addons cifs] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:34:40 +0100 (0:00:13.835) 0:08:10.730 *******
changed: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Télécharge le plugin CIFS] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:34:41 +0100 (0:00:01.051) 0:08:11.782 *******
changed: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Installe les paquets nécessaires à l'utilisation du client GlusterFS] *********************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:34:43 +0100 (0:00:01.740) 0:08:13.522 *******
changed: [192.168.1.190] => (item=[u'glusterfs-client'])
changed: [192.168.1.191] => (item=[u'glusterfs-client'])
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Définie l'ip du maître] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:35:16 +0100 (0:00:32.640) 0:08:46.162 *******
ok: [192.168.1.190]
ok: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Vérifie si le master a déjà été configuré] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:35:16 +0100 (0:00:00.113) 0:08:46.276 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
ok: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Définie l'initialisation du cluster à oui] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:35:17 +0100 (0:00:01.074) 0:08:47.350 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
ok: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Définie l'initialisation du cluster à non] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:35:17 +0100 (0:00:00.113) 0:08:47.464 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.190]
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Définie l'initialisation du/des noeud(s)] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:35:17 +0100 (0:00:00.097) 0:08:47.562 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.190]
ok: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Initialise le cluster Kubernetes sur le maître] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:35:17 +0100 (0:00:00.181) 0:08:47.743 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Attend la fin de l'initialisation] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:35:19 +0100 (0:00:01.598) 0:08:49.342 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (42 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (41 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (40 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (39 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (38 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (37 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (36 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (35 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (34 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (33 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: Attend la fin de l'initialisation (32 retries left).
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Crée le répertoire kubernetes /home/pi/.kube/] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:41:02 +0100 (0:05:43.339) 0:14:32.682 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Copie le fichier /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf vers /home/pi/.kube/config] **************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:41:03 +0100 (0:00:00.948) 0:14:33.630 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Récupère la configuration kubernetes dans un répertoire local] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:41:04 +0100 (0:00:01.030) 0:14:34.661 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Jointure de(s) noeud(s) avec le maître] **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:41:05 +0100 (0:00:01.016) 0:14:35.678 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.190]
changed: [192.168.1.191]
TASK [roles/ansible-rpi-k8s : Installation des pods réseaux avec Weave] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:41:12 +0100 (0:00:06.567) 0:14:42.245 *******
skipping: [192.168.1.191]
changed: [192.168.1.190]
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.1.190 : ok=33 changed=23 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.1.191 : ok=27 changed=18 unreachable=0 failed=0
Sunday 09 December 2018 03:41:18 +0100 (0:00:05.893) 0:14:48.139 *******
===============================================================================
roles/ansible-rpi-k8s ------------------------------------------------- 608.58s
roles/ansible-rpi-docker ---------------------------------------------- 274.09s
setup ------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.41s
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
total ----------------------------------------------------------------- 888.09s
Playbook run took 0 days, 0 hours, 14 minutes, 48 seconds
验证
连接到Raspberry Pi以确认Kubernetes的正确安装
（节点可能不会立即处于“Ready”状态，这可能需要几分钟）
jls42@boo:~/rpi$ ssh pi@192.168.1.190
Linux rpi1 4.14.79-v7+ #1159 SMP Sun Nov 4 17:50:20 GMT 2018 armv7l
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Sun Dec 9 02:41:12 2018 from 192.168.1.42
pi@rpi1:~ $ kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
rpi1 Ready master 2m3s v1.13.0 192.168.1.190 <none> Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch) 4.14.79-v7+ docker://18.6.1
rpi2 Ready <none> 85s v1.13.0 192.168.1.191 <none> Raspbian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch) 4.14.79-v7+ docker://18.6.1
pi@rpi1:~ $
并且，由于k8s配置已经在本地复制，因此如果本地安装了kubectl，也可以在本地计算机上运行kubectl。
Enjoy！
**这份文件由模型 Mistral-medium 从法文版翻译而来。
Note: This is a direct translation of the sentence you provided, without any additions or explanations. It states that the document was translated from the French version by the Mistral-medium model.**